Multi-channel Wireless Networks with Infrastructure Support: Capacity and Delay

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-channel network with infrastructure support, called an \textit{MC-IS} network, which has not been studied in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study such an \textit{MC-IS} network. Our \textit{MC-IS} network is equipped with a number of infrastructure nodes which can communicate with common nodes using a number of channels where a communication between a common node and an infrastructure node is called an infrastructure communication and a communication between two common nodes is called an ad-hoc communication. Our proposed \textit{MC-IS} network has a number of advantages over three existing conventional networks, namely a single-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an \textit{SC-AH} network), a multi-channel wireless ad hoc network (called an \textit{MC-AH} network) and a single-channel network with infrastructure support (called an \textit{SC-IS} network). In particular, the \textit{network capacity} of our proposed \textit{MC-IS} network is $\sqrt{n \log n}$ times higher than that of an \textit{SC-AH} network and an \textit{MC-AH} network and the same as that of an \textit{SC-IS} network, where $n$ is the number of nodes in the network. The \textit{average delay} of our \textit{MC-IS} network is $\sqrt{\log n/n}$ times lower than that of an \textit{SC-AH} network and an \textit{MC-AH} network, and $\min(C_I,m)$ times lower than the average delay of an \textit{SC-IS} network, where $C_I$ and $m$ denote the number of channels dedicated for infrastructure communications and the number of interfaces mounted at each infrastructure node, respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 3 table

Preliminary screening, identification and biological characteristic analysis of Bacillus probiotics isolated from Cynoglossus semilaevis

To screen local probiotic strains to promote antibiotic-free farming, two potential probiotic strains (S3, S5) were recognized among 89 cultivable bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of healthy Cynoglossus semilaevis. The two potential probiotic isolates were analyzed in terms of their morphology, physiology, biochemistry, the similarity of 16S rDNA sequences, growth characteristics, enzyme production capacity, bacterial antagonism, and safety in C. semilaevis. The results revealed that the bacterial morphology and physiological and biochemical characteristics of S3 and S5 were similar to those of Bacillus subtilis. The 16S rDNA sequences had 99.9 % similarity to that of Bacillus subtilis MH 145363.1. Therefore, S3 and S5 were identified as B. subtilis. In addition, we found that S3 and S5 had a strong ability to secrete amylase, protease, and lipase. During the safety tests of S3 and S5 in C. semilaevis with high concentrations, C. semilaevis in immersion, injection, and feeding groups remained in good condition without falling ill or dying. Moreover, we found that S3 and S5 exhibited superior growth at 25~50℃, salinities of 10 to 40, and pH values of 5 to 9. Furthermore, S3 and S5 had significant bacteriostatic activity against Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Shewanella algae, which are the main pathogenic bacteria of mariculture fish. In summary, S3 and S5 showed superb inhibition of the pathogenic bacteria of marine fish, rapid growth, eurythermal and euryhaline features, and suitability for the intestinal environment of C. semilaevis. Thus, strains S3 and S5 have excellent commercial development potential. These results provide a basis for ecological disease prevention strategies and are also valuable for developing and utilizing probiotics

DopplerBAS: Binaural Audio Synthesis Addressing Doppler Effect

Recently, binaural audio synthesis (BAS) has emerged as a promising research field for its applications in augmented and virtual realities. Binaural audio helps users orient themselves and establish immersion by providing the brain with interaural time differences reflecting spatial information. However, existing BAS methods are limited in terms of phase estimation, which is crucial for spatial hearing. In this paper, we propose the \textbf{DopplerBAS} method to explicitly address the Doppler effect of the moving sound source. Specifically, we calculate the radial relative velocity of the moving speaker in spherical coordinates, which further guides the synthesis of binaural audio. This simple method introduces no additional hyper-parameters and does not modify the loss functions, and is plug-and-play: it scales well to different types of backbones. DopperBAS distinctly improves the representative WarpNet and BinauralGrad backbones in the phase error metric and reaches a new state of the art (SOTA): 0.780 (versus the current SOTA 0.807). Experiments and ablation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.Comment: Accepted to ACL 2023 short paper; key words: binaural audio, stereophonic soun

Detection of TiO and VO in the atmosphere of WASP-121b and Evidence for its temporal variation

We report the transit observations of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP-121b using the Goodman High Throughput Spectrograph (GHTS) at the 4-meter ground-based telescope Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR), covering the wavelength range $502-900$ nm. By dividing the target and reference star into 19 spectroscopic passbands and applying differential spectrophotometry, we derive spectroscopic transit light curves and fit them using Gaussian process framework to determine transit depths for every passbands. The obtained optical transmission spectrum shows a steep increased slope toward the blue wavelength, which seems to be too steep to be accounted for by the Rayleigh scattering alone. We note that the transmission spectrum from this work and other works differ obviously from each other, which was pointed out previously by \citet{Wilson2021} as evidence for temporal atmospheric variation. We perform a free chemistry retrieval analysis on the optical transmission spectra from this work and the literature HST/WFC3 NIR spectrum. We determine TiO, VO and H$_{2}$O with abundances of $-5.95_{-0.42}^{+0.47}$ dex, $-6.72_{-1.79}^{+0.51}$ dex, and $-4.13_{-0.46}^{+0.63}$ dex, respectively. We compare the abundances of all these three molecules derived from this work and previous works, and find that they are not consistent with each other, indicating the chemical compositions of the terminator region may change over long timescales. Future multi-epoch and high-precision transit observations are required to further confirm this phenomena. We note that when combining the transmission spectra in the optical and in NIR in retrieval analysis, the abundances of V and VO, the NIR-to-optical offset and the cloud deck pressure may be coupled with each other.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Improve Affective Learning with EEG Approach

With the development of computer science, cognitive science and psychology, a new paradigm, affective learning, has emerged into e-learning domain. Although scientists and researchers have achieved fruitful outcomes in exploring the ways of detecting and understanding learners affect, e.g. eyes motion, facial expression etc., it sounds still necessary to deepen the recognition of learners affect in learning procedure with innovative methodologies. Our research focused on using bio-signals based methodology to explore learner's affect and the study was primarily made on Electroencephalography (EEG). After the EEG signals were collected from EEG equipment, we tidied the EEG data with signal processing algorithms and then extracted some features. We applied k-Nearest-Neighbor classifier and Naive Bayes classifier to these features to find out a combination, which may mostly contribute to reflect learners' affect, for example, Attention. In the classification algorithm, we presented a different way of using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) model to classify and analyze learners attention, although the SAM was normally used for classifying emotions, for example, happiness etc. For the purpose of evaluating our findings, we also developed an affective learning prototype based on university e-learning web site. A real time EEG feedback window and an attention report were integrated into the system. The result of the experiment was encouraging and further discussion was also included in this paper

Thermal Emission from the Hot Jupiter WASP-103b in JJ and KsK_{\rm s} Bands

Hot Jupiters, particularly those with temperature higher than 2000\,K are the best sample of planets that allow in-depth characterization of their atmospheres. We present here a thermal emission study of the ultra hot Jupiter WASP\mbox{-}103\,b observed in two secondary eclipses with CFHT/WIRCam in $J$ and $K_{\rm s}$ bands. By means of high precision differential photometry, we determine eclipse depths in $J$ and $K_{\rm s}$ to an accuracy of 220 and 270\,ppm, which are combined with the published HST/WFC3 and Spitzer data to retrieve a joint constraints on the properties of WASP-103\,b dayside atmosphere. We find that the atmosphere is best fit with a thermal inversion layer included. The equilibrium chemistry retrieval indicates an enhanced C/O (1.35$^{+0.14}_{-0.17}$) and a super metallicity with [Fe/H]$=2.19^{+0.51}_{-0.63}$ composition. Given the near-solar metallicity of WASP-103 of [Fe/H]=0.06, this planet seems to be $\sim$100 more abundant than its host star. The free chemistry retrieval analysis yields a large abundance of FeH, H$^{-}$, CO$_2$ and CH$_4$. Additional data of better accuracy from future observations of JWST should provide better constraint of the atmospheric properties of WASP-103b